All financial transactions that a business engages in must be carefully and accurately recorded. This includes not only sales and purchases, but also income revenue and expense payments. The bookkeeper’s role is to maintain these records with complete accuracy. Bookkeeper’s are not the same as accountants. The bookkeeper’s records are what an accountant will use to create the necessary financial reports.
Bookkeepers often employ one of two methods for documenting financial data. The double entry method, while complex, helps ensure a set of books that are free of mistakes. It employs a balancing system of credits and debits separated by two distinct ledgers within the books. The single entry system is much less complicated and is often the method of choice for small businesses. Data is maintained in a revenue and expense journal and utilizes accounts solely of income and expense.
There are several different books that are used for recording financial transactions. The daybook is used to record the details of a transaction, but not all businesses maintain daybooks. Some companies choose to simply use journals. The information from the journals is then recorded in ledgers according to their corresponding category of purchases, sales, cash, credit, and so on.
Income statements and balance sheets are created from ledgers, which include various financial data that is divided into sections. The general, or nominal, ledger details the various income, expenses, liabilities, and assets of a business. The customer, or sales, ledger illustrates the various financial information transacted with customers. The supplier, or purchase, ledger shows the company’s transactions with various suppliers.
A bookkeeper will periodically, usually once a week, make sure that the books are balancing properly. What they can do is either print out the database or go through the ledger line by line to make sure that everything is balancing properly. This includes creating a credit and debit column starting with a day of the week, usually corresponding with when your sales week starts and when it ends. This is a good way of making sure that there are not any mistakes in your bookkeeping that could possibly create a ton of problems down the road.
Large businesses often employ multiple full-time bookkeepers in order to keep up with their various bookkeeping needs, as the job can be lengthy and complicated. However, small businesses often find hiring a qualified bookkeeping service a better allocation of funds over employing a full-time, in-house bookkeeper. A bookkeeper will visit the business as often as needed to ensure that complete, accurate, and balanced financial records are kept in a detailed set of books for the company to use for its accounting.
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